Sequence
of Basic Job Steps
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Potential
Accidents or Hazards
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Recommended
Safe Job Procedures
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| Break down the job into steps. Each of
the steps of a job should accomplish some major task.
The task will consist of a set of movements. Look at
the first set of movements used to perform a task and
then determine the next logical set of movements. For
example, the job might be to move a box from a conveyor
in the receiving area to a shelf in the storage area.
How does that break down into job steps? Picking up the
box from the conveyor and putting it on a handtruck is
one logical step of movements, so it is one job step.
Everything related to that one logical step of movements
is part of that job step.
The next logical set of movements might be pushing
the loaded handtruck to the storeroom. Removing the
boxes from the truck and placing them on the shelf
is another logical set of movements. And finally,
returning the handtruck to the receiving area might
be the final step in this job.
Be sure to list all the steps in a job. Some steps
might not be done each time -- checking the casters
on the handtruck, for example. However, that task
is part of the job as a whole, and should be listed
and analyzed.
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Identify the hazards associated in each
step. Examine each step to find and identify hazards
-- actions, conditions, and possibilities that could
lead to an accident.
It's not enough to look at the obvious hazards.
It's also important to look at the entire environment
and discover every conceivable hazard that might
exist.
Be sure to list health hazards as well, even though
the harmful effect may not be immediate. A good example
is the harmful effect of inhaling a solvent or dust
over a long period of time.
It's important to list all hazards. Hazards contribute
to accidents, injuries and occupational illnesses.
In order to the part 3 of the JSA effectively, you
must identify potential and existing hazards. That's
why it's important to distinguish between a hazard,
an accident and an injury. Each of these has a specific
meaning:
HAZARD -- a potential danger. Oil on the floor is
a hazard
ACCIDENT -- an unintended happening that may result in injury, loss or
damage. Slipping on the oil is an accident
INJURY -- The result of an accident. A sprained wrist from the fall would
be an injury.
Some people find it easier to identify possible
accidents and illnesses and work back from them to
the hazards. If you do that, you can list the accidents
and illnesses in parentheses following the hazard.
But be sure you focus on the hazard for developing
recommended actions and safe work procedures.
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Using the first two columns as a guide,
decide what actions are necessary to eliminate or minimize
the hazards that could lead to an accident, injury, or
occupational illness.
Among the actions that can be taken are:
- engineering the hazard out
- providing personal protective equipment
- job instruction and training
- good housekeeping
- good ergonomics (positioning the
person in relation to the machine and other elements
in the environment in such a way as to eliminate
stresses and strains)
List recommended safe procedures on
the form and also list required or recommended personal
protective equipment for each step of the job,
Be specific. Say exactly what needs
to be done to correct the hazard, such as, "lift
using your leg muscles." Avoid general statements
like, "Be careful."
Give a recommended action or procedure
for every hazard.
If the hazard is a serious one, it
should be corrected immediately. The JSA should then
be changed to reflect the new conditions.
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