Introduction

A large majority of liability and workers compensation claims are the result of slip/trip and fall accidents. The average claim for a fall exceeds $5,000.

In many cases, a number of these accidents can be prevented. This focus provides facts on why many falls occur, where accidents happen, and methods to improve and control fall accidents.

WHY FALLS OCCUR

There are three major causes of falls:

1. Inadequate friction on the surface.
2. Unseen and unanticipated obstacles or conditions
3. Uncontrollable, external weather conditions.

Research has shown that a specific level of friction is necessary to prevent the shoe from slipping as it first strikes the walking surface and moves forward to support body weight and allow continued forward motion. If the friction in the area between the shoe and the walking surface is too low, a slip can occur which can result in a fall and resulting injury.

When surface conditions change significantly (i.e., uneven, broken or cracked surfaces in floors, walkways), the potential for a fall is increased. Minor elevation changes of 1/4 inch in height of the pathway can cause someone to trip or stumble. It is essential that pathways be clear and added caution exercised on uneven surfaces.

METHODS TO CONTROL FALLS

Interior Surfaces --

• All carpeting should be in good condition and free from rips and tears.
• Entrance areas should be kept free of obstructions.
• Aisles should be well lit.
• Floor surfaces should be clean and free of slippery surfaces.
• Stairs and ramps should be free of obstacles, with weekly visual inspection and immediate repair of handrails/damaged tread surfaces.
• Interior/exterior lighting should be adequate, with periodic inspection and immediate repair of broken or burned out fixtures.
• All entrance mats should be properly secured to the floor and maintained in good condition.

Exterior Surfaces --

• Parking lots and exterior walkways should be free of raised edges, holes and other obstructions.
• Periodic inspections of grounds should be made with immediate repair of holes, cracks and tripping hazards.
• Leaking gutters and downspouts that empty onto walkways, creating a slippery hazard, should be repaired promptly.
• Exterior lighting should be adequate with periodic inspection and repair of broken or burned out fixtures when needed to illuminate walkways and work areas.
• There should be a snow removal policy as well as determining where to apply adequate salt/sand to reduce slips/falls during inclement weather.